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Below are the side
effects and other information about the commonly-abused types of drugs
known as the "SAMHSA Five." This information is courtesy of the
U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
Drugs of Abuse
| Drug: |
Amphetamine
Derivatives |
| Classification: |
Hallucinogen |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule I |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
2,5-DMA; STP;
MDA; MDMA; Ecstasy; DOM; DOB |
| Medical
Uses: |
None |
| Physical
Dependence: |
Unknown |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
Unknown |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
Variable |
| Usual
Method: |
Oral; Injected |
| Possible
Effects: |
Illusions and
hallucinations; Altered perception of time and distance |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Longer, more
intense "trip" episodes; Psychosis; Possible death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Unknown |
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| Drug: |
Amphetamine/Methamphetamine |
| Classification: |
Stimulant |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule II |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
Biphetamine;
Desoxyn; Dexedrine; Obetrol; Ice |
| Medical
Uses: |
Attention deficit
disorder; Narcolepsy; Weight control |
| Physical
Dependence: |
Possible |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
High |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
2-4 |
| Usual
Method: |
Oral; Injected;
Smoked |
| Possible
Effects: |
Increased
alertness; Excitation; Euphoria; Increased pulse rate & blood
pressure; Insomnia; Loss of appetite |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Agitation;
Increased body temperature; Hallucinations; Convulsions; Possible
death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Apathy; Long
periods of sleep; Irritability; Depression; Disorientation |
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| Drug: |
Cocaine |
| Classification: |
Stimulant |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule II |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
Coke; Flake;
Snow; Crack (Cocaine is designated a narcotic under the CSA) |
| Medical
Uses: |
Local anesthetic |
| Physical
Dependence: |
Possible |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
High |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
1-2 |
| Usual
Method: |
Sniffed; Smoked;
Injected |
| Possible
Effects: |
Increased
alertness; Excitation; Euphoria; Increased pulse rate & blood
pressure; Insomnia; Loss of appetite |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Agitation;
Increased body temperature; Hallucinations; Convulsions; Possible
death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Apathy; Long
periods of sleep; Irritability; Depression; Disorientation |
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| Drug: |
Codeine |
| Classification: |
Narcotic |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule II, III,
V |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
Tylenol
w/Codeine; Empirin w/Codeine; Robitussin A-C; Fiorinal w/Codeine;
APAP w/Codeine |
| Medical
Uses: |
Analgesic;
Antitussive |
| Physical
Dependence: |
Moderate |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
Moderate |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
3-6 |
| Usual
Method: |
Oral; Injected |
| Possible
Effects: |
Euphoria;
Drowsiness; Respiratory depression; Constricted pupils; Nausea |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Slow and shallow
breathing; Clammy skin; Convulsions; Coma; Possible death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Watery eyes;
Runny nose; Yawning; Loss of appetite; Irritability; Tremors; Panic;
Cramps; Nausea; Chills & sweating |
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| Drug: |
Heroin |
| Classification: |
Narcotic |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule I |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
Diacetylmorphine;
Horse; Smack |
| Medical
Uses: |
None in United
States; Analgesic; Antitussive |
| Physical
Dependence: |
High |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
High |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
3-6 |
| Usual
Method: |
Injected;
Sniffed; Smoked |
| Possible
Effects: |
Euphoria;
Drowsiness; Respiratory depression; Constricted pupils; Nausea |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Slow and shallow
breathing; Clammy skin; Convulsions; Coma; Possible death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Watery eyes;
Runny nose; Yawning; Loss of appetite; Irritability; Tremors; Panic;
Cramps; Nausea; Chills & sweating |
> Back to List
| Drug: |
Marijuana
(Hashish/Hashish Oil) |
| Classification: |
Cannabis |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule I |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
Pot; Acapulco
Gold; Grass; Reefer; Sinsemilla; Thai sticks |
| Medical
Uses: |
None |
| Physical
Dependence: |
Unknown |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
Moderate |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
2-4 |
| Usual
Method: |
Smoked; Oral |
| Possible
Effects: |
Euphoria; Relaxed
inhibitions; Increased appetite; Disorientation |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Fatigue;
Paranoia; Possible psychosis |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Occasional
reports of insomnia; Hyperactivity; Decreased appetite |
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| Drug: |
Morphine |
| Classification: |
Narcotic |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule II |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
Duramorph;
MS-Contin; Roxanol; Oramorph SR |
| Medical
Uses: |
Analgesic |
| Physical
Dependence: |
High |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
High |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
3-6 |
| Usual
Method: |
Oral; Smoked;
Injected |
| Possible
Effects: |
Euphoria;
Drowsiness; Respiratory depression; Constricted pupils; Nausea |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Slow and shallow
breathing; Clammy skin; Convulsions; Coma; Possible death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Watery eyes;
Runny nose; Yawning; Loss of appetite; Irritability; Tremors; Panic;
Cramps; Nausea; Chills & sweating |
> Back to List
| Drug: |
Phencyclidine
& Analogs |
| Classification: |
Hallucinogen |
| CSA
Schedule: |
Schedule I, II |
| Trade
or Other Names: |
PCE; PCPy; TCP;
PCP; Hog; Loveboat; Angel Dust |
| Medical
Uses: |
None |
| Physical
Dependence: |
Unknown |
| Psychological
Dependence: |
High |
| Tolerance: |
Yes |
| Duration
(hours): |
Days |
| Usual
Method: |
Oral; Smoked |
| Possible
Effects: |
Illusions and
hallucinations; Altered perception of time and distance |
| Effects
of Overdose: |
Longer, more
intense "trip" episodes; Psychosis; Possible death |
| Withdrawal
Syndrome: |
Unknown |
> Back to List
Schedule
I and II drugs have a high potential for abuse. They require greater
storage security and have a quota on manufacture among other restrictions.
Schedule I drugs are available for research only and have no approved
medical use. Schedule II drugs are available only through prescription,
cannot have refills and require a form for ordering. Schedule III and IV
drugs are available with prescription, may have 5 refills in 6 months and
may be ordered orally. Most Schedule V drugs are available over the
counter.
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Copyright © 2001, J. Steven Niznik. All Rights Reserved.
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